Blackheads and whiteheads are common skin concerns for teens, especially during hormonal changes that can increase oil production. Here’s a guide to understanding what causes them and the best ways to manage and prevent them.
Understanding Blackheads and Whiteheads
- Blackheads: Open pores filled with excess oil and dead skin cells. When exposed to air, they oxidize and turn black.
- Whiteheads: Closed pores filled with oil and dead skin cells. Since they’re covered, they don’t oxidize and remain white.
Both are forms of acne and can commonly appear on areas with higher oil production, like the nose, forehead, and chin.
1. Cleanse Regularly with a Gentle Cleanser
- Why: Cleansing removes dirt, oil, and other impurities from the surface of your skin.
- What to Use: A gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser twice a day, like Cetaphil Gentle Skin Cleanser or Neutrogena Oil-Free Acne Wash. Look for products that are fragrance-free and non-irritating.
- Tips: Avoid over-washing, as this can strip your skin of natural oils, prompting it to produce even more oil.
2. Use Salicylic Acid (BHA) Exfoliants
- Why: Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that penetrates pores to break down oil and dead skin cells, making it effective for blackheads and whiteheads.
- What to Use: A gentle salicylic acid product like Paula's Choice 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant or Clean & Clear Blackhead Eraser.
- How Often: Start by using it 2-3 times a week and gradually increase if your skin tolerates it well.
3. Consider Clay or Charcoal Masks for Oil Control
- Why: Clay and charcoal masks help absorb excess oil and can prevent pore clogging.
- What to Use: Masks with ingredients like kaolin clay or activated charcoal, such as Aztec Secret Indian Healing Clay or Origins Clear Improvement Active Charcoal Mask.
- How Often: Use once or twice a week on oily areas, like the T-zone.
4. Try Retinoids for Stubborn Blackheads
- Why: Retinoids increase cell turnover, which can prevent pores from becoming clogged.
- What to Use: For mild cases, consider over-the-counter retinoid options like Differin Gel (Adapalene).
- Tips: Retinoids can be drying, so start with a small amount every other night and follow with a moisturizer.
5. Avoid Pore-Strips and Manual Extraction
- Why: While pore strips may provide a temporary fix, they can also irritate the skin and remove necessary oils.
- Better Alternatives: Stick with chemical exfoliants (like salicylic acid) and products that treat blackheads and whiteheads gradually and gently.
6. Use Non-Comedogenic Products
- Why: Non-comedogenic products are less likely to clog your pores.
- What to Look For: Look for makeup, sunscreen, and skincare products labeled as “non-comedogenic” or “oil-free,” such as Neutrogena Clear Face Sunscreen or Clinique Acne Solutions Foundation.
7. Don’t Skip Moisturizer
- Why: Even if you have oily or acne-prone skin, using a moisturizer helps maintain your skin’s balance and can prevent it from overproducing oil.
- What to Use: Opt for a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizer like CeraVe AM Facial Moisturizing Lotion or Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel.
8. Be Consistent and Patient
Managing blackheads and whiteheads takes time. Sticking to a routine will give you better, long-term results than trying a lot of new products at once.
9. Seek Professional Help for Persistent Cases
If blackheads or whiteheads become persistent and home treatments aren’t helping, consult a dermatologist. They can recommend treatments like professional extractions, chemical peels, or prescription-strength retinoids.
A Sample Routine for Blackhead & Whitehead Prevention
Morning:
- Cleanser
- Salicylic acid product (if your skin tolerates it in the morning)
- Moisturizer
- Sunscreen
Night:
- Cleanser
- Retinoid (use 2-3 times a week to start)
- Moisturizer
This routine targets blackheads and whiteheads effectively while being gentle on teen skin.
